语法一致原则

语法上一致就是谓语动词和主语在单、复数形式上保持一致。

1. 以单数名词或代词、动词不定式短语、动名词短语或从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式；主

   语为复数时，谓语动词用复数形式。如：Hisfather is working on the farm. / To study English well is not easy. 
   

/ What he said is very important for us all. / The children were in the classroom two hours ago. / Reading in 

the sun is bad for your eyes. 

注意：由what引导的主语从句，后面的谓语动词多数情况用单数形式，但若表语是复数或what从句

是一个带有复数意义的并列结构时，主句的谓语动词用复数形式。如：What I bought were three English 

books. / What I say and do is （are）helpful to you. 

2. 由连接词and或both …… and连接起来的合成主语后面，要用复数形式的谓语动词。如：Lucy and Lily 

are twins. / She and I are classmates. / The boy and the girl were surprised when they heard the news. / Both 

she and he are Young Pioneers. 

注意：（1）若and所连接的两个词是指同一个人或物时，它后面的谓语动词就应用单数形式。如：The 

writer and artist has come. （2）由and连接的并列单数主语前如果分别有no，each，every more than a 

（an），many a （an）修饰时，其谓语动词要用单数形式。如：Every student and every teacher was in the 

room. / No boy and no girl likes it. 

3. 主语为单数名词或代词，尽管后面跟有with，together with，except，but，like，as well as，rather 

than，more than，no less than，besides，including等引起的短语，谓语动词仍用单数形式；若主语

为复数，谓语用复数形式。如：Mr. Green，together with his wife and children，has come to China. / Nobody 

but Jim and Mike was on the playground. / She，like you and Tom，is very tall. 

4. either，neither，each，every 或no +单数名词和由some，any，no，every构成的复合不定代

词，都作单数看待。如：Each of us has a new book. / Everything around us is matter. 

注意：（1）在口语中当either或neither后跟有“of+复数名词（或代词）”作主语时，其谓语动词也可用

复数。如：Neither of the texts is （are）interesting. （2）若none of后面的名词是不可数名词，它的谓

语动词就要用单数；若它后面的名词是复数，它的谓语动词用单数或复数都可以。如：None of us has （have）

been to America. 

5. 在定语从句时，关系代词that，who，which等作主语时，其谓语动词的数应与句中先行词的数一致。

如：He is one of my friends who are working hard. / He is the only one of my friends who is working hard. 

6. 如果集体名词指的是整个集体，它的谓语动词用单数；如果它指集体的成员，其谓语动词就用复数形

式。这些词有family，class，crowd，committee，population，audience等。如：Class Four is on the 

third floor. / Class Four are unable to agree upon a monitor. 

注意：people，police，cattle等名词一般都用作复数。如：The police are looking for the lost child. 

7. 由“a lot of，lots of，plenty of，the rest of，the majority of + 名词”构成的短语以及由“分数或百分

数+名词”构成的短语作主语，其谓语动词的数要根据短语中后面名词的数而定。如：There are a lot of people 

in the classroom. / The rest of the lecture is wonderful. / 50% of the students in our class are girls. 

注意：a number of“许多”，作定语修饰复数名词，谓语用复数；the number of“……的数量”，主语是

number，谓语用单数。

8. 在倒装句中，谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致。如：There comes the bus. / On the wall are many 

pictures. / Such is the result. / Such are the facts.